Introduced red foxes (

It has been asserted that introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) destroy ∼95% of nests freshwater turtles in south-eastern Australia, are more efficient predators turtle than Australian native predators, and driving species to extinction. Available information was reviewed analysed test these assertions. Nest predation rates for all including averaged 70% across Australia 76% compared 72% North America where co-exist with many foxes. Predation on did not differ significantly were included the identified nest they not, but sample sizes very small. Evidence lacking being primary driver population declines turtles, some populations stable or increasing despite exposure fox predation. can be effective their role probably usurped by degree. Where research shows increased recruitment is necessary conserve populations, strategies such as electric fencing nesting beaches, protection cages ex situ incubation eggs will cost-effective efforts reduce numbers. Further also needed better understand biological environmental factors regulate rates.